Duane's take
The official marker tells it like this, and I'm just here to carry the story down the road. Way out in the Texas Panhandle, there's a county with a name that carries double weight, because it's honoring not one man but two. Two brothers, Oliver Cromwell Hartley and Rufus K.
Hartley, distinguished members of the Texas Bar, both of them. Somebody thought enough of those two to put their family name on a piece of Texas the size of a small kingdom. Now the land itself was carved from Young and Bexar territories, which tells you something about how big and unsettled this corner of the state once was.
The county was created on August 21, 1876, but here's where it gets interesting. Created is one thing. Organized is another thing entirely.
It took until February 5, 1891, for Hartley County to actually get itself organized and up and running. That's the kind of gap that speaks to just how remote and raw this country was. Not every place that gets drawn on a map is ready to govern itself on day one.
When things did come together, the town of Hartley became the county seat, carrying the brothers' name right into the heart of the place. Two men of the law, one county seat, and a whole lot of open sky. That's Hartley County, and that's how it stands.
What the marker says
Formed from Young and Bexar territories. Created August 21, 1876. Organized February 5, 1891. Named in honor of two brothers, Oliver Cromwell and Rufus K. Hartley. Distinguished members of the Texas Bar. Hartley, the county seat. (1936)